Titration Calculator
Free titration calculator to find an unknown concentration. Enter titrant molarity and volume, analyte volume and the mole ratio for an instant molarity result.
Updated 2026-06-14 · Free · No sign-up · Runs privately in your browser
Show the formula & steps
For a strong monoprotic acid/base titration use a 1:1 ratio. Adjust the ratio for polyprotic acids (e.g. H₂SO₄ : NaOH = 1:2).
How the Titration Calculator Works
Titration is a lab technique for finding the unknown concentration of a solution (the analyte) by reacting it with a solution of known concentration (the titrant). This calculator takes the titrant’s molarity and volume, the analyte’s volume, and the reaction’s mole ratio, then returns the analyte’s molarity.
The Formula
At the equivalence point, the moles of each reactant match the balanced equation:
C_analyte = (C_titrant × V_titrant × ratio_analyte) / (V_analyte × ratio_titrant)
When acid and base react in a 1:1 ratio (for example HCl + NaOH), this reduces to the familiar shortcut:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
The steps are always: find moles of titrant, scale by the mole ratio to get moles of analyte, then divide by the analyte’s volume.
Worked Example
Suppose 24.5 mL of 0.100 M NaOH neutralizes 25.0 mL of HCl in a 1:1 reaction:
- Moles NaOH = 0.100 M × 0.0245 L = 0.00245 mol
- Moles HCl = 0.00245 × (1 ÷ 1) = 0.00245 mol
- Concentration HCl = 0.00245 mol ÷ 0.0250 L = 0.098 M
So the hydrochloric acid is approximately 0.098 M.
Common Mole Ratios
| Reaction | Analyte : Titrant |
|---|---|
| HCl + NaOH | 1 : 1 |
| H₂SO₄ + NaOH | 1 : 2 |
| H₃PO₄ + NaOH (to full neutralization) | 1 : 3 |
| NaOH + HCl | 1 : 1 |
Tips for Accurate Titrations
- Record the burette reading carefully at the indicator’s first lasting color change.
- Repeat the titration until concordant results agree within about 0.1 mL.
- Use the correct mole ratio from the balanced equation, especially for polyprotic acids.
- Keep units consistent — convert milliliters to liters before multiplying by molarity.
Frequently asked questions
How do you calculate concentration from a titration?+
First find the moles of titrant added at the equivalence point: moles = concentration × volume (in liters). Use the balanced mole ratio to convert to moles of analyte, then divide by the analyte volume in liters to get its molarity. For a 1:1 reaction this simplifies to M1V1 = M2V2.
What is the M1V1 = M2V2 formula?+
M1V1 = M2V2 is the dilution and titration shortcut for reactions where acid and base react in a 1:1 mole ratio. M1 and V1 are the titrant's molarity and volume, and M2 and V2 are the analyte's. It only works when one mole of one reactant neutralizes exactly one mole of the other.
How do I handle polyprotic acids like sulfuric acid?+
Polyprotic acids release more than one mole of H⁺ per molecule, so the mole ratio is not 1:1. For sulfuric acid neutralized by NaOH, the ratio is 1 acid : 2 base. Enter the correct analyte:titrant ratio in the calculator so the moles are scaled properly before computing concentration.
What is the equivalence point in a titration?+
The equivalence point is where the moles of titrant added exactly satisfy the balanced reaction with the analyte, with no excess of either. It is detected with an indicator color change or a pH electrode. The titrant volume at this point is the value you enter into the calculator.
Do I need to use liters or milliliters?+
You can enter volumes in milliliters in this calculator and it converts them to liters internally, because molarity is moles per liter. If you compute by hand, divide every milliliter value by 1,000 before multiplying by molarity so your units stay consistent.